Marine Refrigeration

How does Marine refrigeration work? The major parts of a DC refrigeration system include the refrigerant, a compressor, and a condenser, a cooling system for condenser, and a plate or plates inside the refrigeration box. 

12 Volt Drill

The compressor is part of a closed loop pumping refrigerant through the system and through the evaporator plate in the ice box. The compressor has two sides the High side or discharge side. The discharge side pumps refrigerant under pressure to the condenser. The suction side or low side and sucks refrigerant after it passes thru the evaporator plate back to the compressor. The cold plates in the fridge space have either expansion valves or capillary tube that separate the low and high pressure sides of the refrigeration system.

12 Volt Drill

The refrigerant in the compressor starts as a gas. The compressor compresses the refrigerant gas, from low pressure to high pressure between 100-150 psi. When the pressure is increased like this its temperature is raised dramatically. This hot high pressure refrigerant is then fed to a condenser, where it is cooled and turned into a liquid. The condenser is cooled by either air or water. The refrigerant is now a cool high pressure liquid and is fed to an evaporator plate inside the boats refrigerator box.

The evaporator plate takes the refrigerant from the condenser and here it boils rapidly & evaporates back to a gas, at a very low temperature. This change of state absorbs vast amounts of sensible heat from the evaporator which in turn removes heat from the insulated refrigeration box, thereby lowering its temperature. The BTU is the measurement of heat removed. From the evaporator plate the refrigerant is returned to the low side of the compressor, to start the process again.

Evaporator or Holding Plates

Marine refrigeration systems use either an evaporator plate or a holding plate in the boats refrigeration space or freezer space. Each type of plate works differently in drawing heat from the boats refrigerator and ice box space.

Marine Evaporator

Marine Evaporators are just like the ones found in household refrigerators. They can get quite cold (thermostat setting) and many evaporators have the ability to make ice next to the evaporator plate or inside the evaporator box. Evaporators come in several shapes and sizes; they can be horizontal plate's vertical plates and rolled plates. Evaporators are constant cycling, or short cycle. Most use a Danfoss marine compressor with H134 refrigerant.

Thermostat controlled evaporator temperature. Turn to lower ice box temperature. Evaporator plates are less expensive, but need Constant power supply.

Marine Holding plates

Marine Refrigerator Holding Plates act like large blocks of ice and the cold temperature of the holding plate sucks heat out of the boats refrigeration box. Holding plates can keep ice boxes cold for long periods.

The main advantage of a holding plate over an evaporator is that they only need to be recharged 1 or 2 times per day. This charging can coincide with attaching to shore power, running the engine and so the refrigerator does not rely on the battery bank. When incorporated into a properly designed system, holdover plates can significantly reduce average energy consumption. However DC holding plates are also possible.  The holding plate is filled with a solution that has a freezing point below 23 degrees F.  As the compressor runs, the refrigerant passes through the holding Plates coil, freezing the holding plate solution. The compressor turns of and as the holding plate thaws out, heat is removed from the box.

Powering the Compressor

The power supply to the compressor is one of the key elements of the boats refrigeration system. Refrigeration is one of the largest energy consumers onboard, so the power supply is an important element of the system. Power supplies to marine refrigeration systems include AC, DC, Shore Power, Engine power, and hybrid systems. Hybrids are combinations of say 12 volt and engine drive, or engine and shore power. The whole point in looking at power supply to your boats refrigerator is to couple it into onboard power requirements for all your boats marine systems. If you run a generator much of the time then adding on an AC refrigeration unit may make sense, but unless you do, you would be better at looking at 12 V, engine or shore power.

Power can be decided on how you use your boat. Are you tied up at a dock for much of the time and take days trips. Or do you cruise and spend large amounts of time at anchor. Finally are you Powerboating or Sailing will also influence power supply. Sailing means no charging of batteries or power from the engine. Here a solar panel or wind or towed generator can help replenish batteries. If you spend time at the dock, a DC system has plenty of time to recharge on shore power. If you spend time motoring and at the dock and engine drive with shore assist works well.

AC 110 volt marine refrigeration     

These drop in refrigerators are like the one in your home and are commonly seen on larges boats with an abundance of AC power and space. The AC powers the marine compressor, and the condenser is typically air cooled. A reliable AC supply is needed in the form of a generator.

DC marine refrigeration with Evaporator plate

 One of the cheapest marine refrigeration system and easiest to install is the 12 v or DC system. Air cooling is the simplest. The DC system combined with an evaporator plate that is thermostatically controlled gives flexibility over cooling requirements. Many 12 volt systems use the Danfoss compressor. With the increased efficiency of the Danfoss compressor, DC refrigeration onboard is getting more efficient, but is still power hungry.

For most boats with a small box, a single 12V compressor, air cooled condenser, with evaporator type plate will be about the cheapest option. The Adler Barbour Cold Machine has been around for around 25 years and provides great refrigeration for small to medium size ice boxes. 

Shore powered marine refrigeration

Shore powered systems are made to maintain the boat's ice box at set temperature when the boat is at the dock. They offer less power than direct from an engine drive but since you will be at the dock for a while that is not an issue.

If you use a holding plate and shore powered system you can keep the plate cool while away from the dock for 12 hours or so.

 Engine powered marine refrigeration

The idea behind an engine driven compressor system is that the engine gets used anyway for at lest an hour or so. If you are Powerboating this makes sense, if you are sailing calculate how much time you use the engine.

If this is the case an engine drive with a holding plate can draw down the ice box in a short period and after that it can be left for 12 plus hours.

The compressor is run directly off the engine. Belt driven or direct compressor, There are two plates and you can add more, plus ad a separate freezer unit. This creates much power and fast cooling of the holding plate. More power than a 110 volt system. Larger systems and multiple plates are possible. Engine driven systems cost more and also involve a labor higher cost    

Condenser Cooling

The marine refrigeration systems condenser needs cooling. This is how the refrigerant gets cooled and turned into a liquid. There are 3 ways to cool the condenser;

Air Cooled

Air cooling simplifies installation plus it does not rely on water or adding thru hulls. It is therefore the cheapest installation. For smaller units air cooling is OK, say 4 cu ft or under 6 cu ft you will get adequate performance. The air cooling unit needs a sufficient supply of re-circulated air for it to work. Ducting and space around the unit will help this.

When you cool by air flow you remove heat from the condenser and ad it to the ambient temperature. The temperature inside of the cabin only has enough capacity to disperse this heat.

Water cooled Condenser

Water cooled compressors will work better in higher ambient temperatures and are more efficient and can be 30% more efficient. Water cooling may be best and is better for larger installs especially if freezer is concerned. Water cooling needs a thru hull and a pump to get the water to the condenser. The most efficient way to cool the condenser

Keel cooler Condenser

The keel cooler or keel condenser requires no thru hull fitting and will not be subject to clogging. The keel cooler is a 3" x 7" bronze plate that mounts on the outside of the hull and it is the condenser heat exchanger. The bronze plates are connected direct to the compressor which is the only moving part in the system. The Keel Cooler is for a box up to a 15 cu ft refrigerator or 5 cu ft freezer. Since all the heat is passed into the water outside the boat it will does not heat up the interior. Since it works without a water pump there is never a pump or strainer to maintain and best of all it is nearly silent in operation.

Refrigeration Compressor & plate Combination

Before we pick a size of marine refrigerator we need to understand what factors are involved in keeping the refrigeration box cool. They are mainly box size, insulation and cooling water temperature, number of people aboard and the temperature you are setting the plates for.

Refrigerator Box Volume

This is obvious, the larger the box the more heat removal is necessary. A larger box will need more BTUs of heat removal. After this basic size issue we have things like, Front opening or top opening. Front opening lets cold air out quickly but does allow you to get to the bottom of the box. Drains, if you had a drain for you ice box plug it. You will not need to drain water out of the ice box and this will only let cold air out and heat in. Gaskets, these are a must and must be properly sealed. A trick to identify if there are gaps in the gasket is to put a piece of paper in between the lid or door and the cabinet and close it. Pull on the paper and you should feel some drag if the gaskets are sealing properly. It comes out easily there is a gap. Get new or better gasket material.

Insulation  

Typical insulation to a fridge or freezer is foam insulation like Dow Blue board. The recommendation is for 3-4 inches for refrigeration and 4-6 inches for freezer for medium sized boxes. Foam has an R value of 5 per inch thickness, R being a thermal unit. This means in terms of thermal units 3-4 inches represents 15-20R value for the refrigeration unit, and 20-30 for the freezer.

There are manufacturers of vacuum panel thermal insulation. The Glacier bay Barrier Ultra-R super-insulation at R-50 per inch provides lots of insulation without taking up valuable volume. These panels are vacuum panels and are sealed to work. It is very important that you do not drill through or puncture these panels. These panels are custom made, so you would need to provide the manufacturer, exact sizes with locations for copper plate tubes to enter the box. These are built into the panels.

Water temperature

In the tropics water temperature is a lot warmer then northern climates. For every degree water temperature increases a corresponding 2 % increase in required BTU. If you are in the Atlantic portions of the east coast US, you have some cool sea water temps, but of you then cruise down to the Caribbean you may strain your refrigeration system.

Plate Thermostat

The evaporator plate temperature is set by the thermostat. Dial the box temperature down and the system will have to work harder.

Number of people aboard

More people means the box gets opened more and the heat build up from more people adds to the ambient temperature.

How big a Refrigeration System is required?

To calculate how big a refrigeration or marine freezing unit required, you will need to start with an estimation of the BTU requirements of the box. A simple rule of thumb for estimating the BTUs is based on the box volume.

These BTU estimations are based on these assumptions;

- Insulation has an R value of 30 no leaks.
- Water temperatures are tropical in the mid 80s F.
- 2 people aboard, for each extra person add an additional 1,000 daily BTU
- Top opening box, for a front opening door add 15 BTU/inch of door

BTU estimate on refrigeration volume;

Refrigerator daily heat load; 600 Btu per cu. ft.

Freezer daily heat load; 1200 Btu per cu. ft

Lets look at how this works for the 4 cu ft refrigeration system, using the above formula

4 cu. ft. times 600  =   2,400 Btu.

Two additional people on board =   2,000 Btu.

Total required per day   = 4,400 Btu

Choosing 12 volt unit with Evaporator

Match this number to the compressor capabilities, and then calculate amps needed to power the system, and then work on the battery bank capability. Start by using the 4,400 BTU form the above example. The Adler Barbour Cold Machine uses the Danfoss BD50 Compressor is rated at 650BTU / hr based on 25F evaporator temp.

This is well above the 4,400/day we need for the 4 cu ft fridge, using only about 1/3 of the power. We could easily go down the Danfoss DB35.

Amps

To calculate how many amps the system will draw we start by converting BTUs to amps with this formula, using an assumption of 5 BTUs per watt hr of energy used. BTU/5/volts. so say we have 4400 BTUS and 12 volts, 4,400/5/12=74 amp hours/day.

Battery Bank

The Amps needed to power the compressor should be 1/4 of the capacity of the house bank. So for the above 74 amp hours needed multiply by 4 to get recommended house battery capacity = 296 amp hrs

Conclusion

These days being on the water means keeping food and drinks cold. 12 volt refrigeration units are becoming more popular with technological advances. Greater compressor efficiency and evaporator technology brings 12 volt cooling to the smallest of boats.

Marine Refrigeration
12 Volt Drill

Christmas Sales DEWALT DC742KA Cordless 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Compact Drill/Driver 201

Dec 21, 2011 14:29:31

Christmas DEWALT DC742KA  Cordless 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Compact Drill/Driver Deals
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DEWALT DC742KA  Cordless 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Compact Drill/Driver

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Christmas Sales DEWALT DC742KA Cordless 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Compact Drill/Driver Feature

  • Compact size allows fit into tight spaces, lightweight design (3.8 pounds) minimizes user fatigue
  • 3/8-inch ratcheting chuck reduces bit slippage
  • Dual speed range of 0-400/0-1,450 rpm delivers optimal performance
  • High performance frameless motor delivers maximum power of 200 unit watts out
  • LED worklight provides increased visibility in confined spaces


Christmas Sales DEWALT DC742KA Cordless 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Compact Drill/Driver Overview

This compact drill provides its users with first-rate performance and durability along with exceptional ergonomics. Increased speed and power keep the performance of the drill up while the frameless motor and all-metal planetary gear support the durability. Also included is a built-in LED light and onboard bit storage, as well as two DW9072 12-volt battery packs, a DW9116 1-hour charger, and a heavy-duty kit box.



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Literature & Fiction Books

Electrical Hot Tub Installation

Hot tubs come in various sizes ranging from the cute, two person "Soft Tub" to the very large multiple person party units.

12 Volt Drill

120 Volt Units

12 Volt Drill

Some of the small tubs have a 120V 20A power requirement, which means that you can just plug them in to a handy receptacle. I have even seen large tubs set up for 120V power supply. When this is done it takes forever for the tub to warm up due to very little amount of power flowing through the heating elements, I do not recommend this way of installation for the large units.

A note of caution here is that the tub will consume most of the circuit capacity so that if you use something with appreciable draw (hair dryer, microwave or other appliance or electric tools) the circuit breaker can be tripped. This is why it is best to run a separate circuit for the hot tub no matter what size it is.

240 Volt Units

Let us start with the two fixed placements.

1) Where is the electric service panel? Preferably the main panel since we will be pulling around 50 Amps of 240 Volt power. It is usually located near a front corner of the house.

2) Where is the hot tub located? Most times this will be located in back of the house.

Power to the Hot Tub

1) Where is the hot tub? Is it on a deck connected to the house or on the ground?

2) Is the house on a slab or is there access under the house?

House and Hot Tub on slab

Let us start with the house and the hot tub on a slab. This scenario tells us that we will need to run the whole power supply line in 1" Schedule 40 PVC conduit in the ground 18 - 24 inches deep depending on jurisdiction. Above ground it has to be in Schedule 80 PVC.

We run the conduit from the main panel down into the ground to the back of the house where we come out of the ground and enter the GFCI disconnect/Spa Pack.

Note: the above is for a surface mounted panel, if yours is flush mounted (or in the wall) then you will need to use two 45 degree sweeps to get into the bottom of the panel. This is quite easily doable, and chalking fills in any excess opening created during the installation process.

The power to the hot tub is required to be Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter protected (NEC 680.22 -A5). This GFCI protection panel (Spa Pack) is to be not closer than 5 feet from the hot tub, yet within site of the unit no gates or walls (NEC 680.24 -B2b).

The conduit then runs back into the ground and out to the hot tub where it re-emerges from the ground. The power feed into the hot tub is usually on the left side of the unit facing the removable access panel. Some units have built in PVC flex conduit leading to the power panel. If your unit does not have the flex already installed then you will need to install some 1" PVC Flex.

Wire selection

Now comes the fun part, pulling in the power wire. Most of the large units require 50 Amps of 240 Volt power. To provide that we will need #6 THHN stranded copper wire. You will need four (4) pieces for each of two runs. From the main panel to GFCI then GFCI to hot tub. Be very careful to measure accurately, Measure from the inside top of the main panel to the trench bottom, the length of the trench, then up into the Spa Pack plus six (6) inches. Next is Spa Pack to hot tub. It is always better to have an extra two feet of wire that you don't use than being 4 inches too short.

The four runs of wire are:

120 V -- Black

120 V -- Red

Neutral -- White

Ground -- Green

The colors are for identification, I do not buy #6 in all of the colors, I use colored coding tape to mark approximately two feet of each end of the wires. Inside of the hot tub control panel they are very good about identifying where each wire goes. It is also time to start filling the hot tub. Now back to the Spa Pack, the red, white and black wires attach to the bottom of the GFCI breaker with the green on the ground lug or bar. The wires from the panel attach to the ground bar (green) neutral bar (white) and the breaker feed lugs (black and red).

We are almost there, now back to the main panel and install a two pole fifty amp breaker (2P50) that is designed for your panel, connect the white and green wires to the neutral/ground bar and the red and black to the breaker. When the tub is full of water then you can turn on the main breaker, the GFCI breaker and start the hot tub from its operating panel. It will take a few hours to heat up. It is fun to check out all of the jets and other features of the tub.

Small 120 Volt tubs

If you are supplying a small tub that only requires a 20 Amp 120 Volt circuit then you use half or three quarter inch PVC conduit and three #12 gage wires, black, white and green. You can also use a standard GFCI receptacle mounted on the side of the house or post within the reach of the hot tub attachment cord.

Raised houses and decks

If you have access under your house and the tub is on a deck you can eliminate a lot of digging by just running the conduit under the house and deck. You follow the same procedure as above only no digging. If there is no flex conduit already installed, I come into the service section directly from the bottom of the deck. Using a 1" 90 degree sweep I determine where I will drill my entry hole, from inside, through the base of the hot tub and connect to the power feed conduit from the GFCI/Spa Pack under the deck. I also do not glue this last sweep until I have pulled in the power supply wires. That makes for an easier pull with less 90's to pull through.

Now it is time to enjoy your work, you did good, celebrate in your new hot tub.

* NEC = National Electric Code which is used by most areas in the US with similar codes in other countries.

Electrical Hot Tub Installation
12 Volt Drill

Christmas Sales DEWALT DCD710S2 12-Volt Max 3/8-Inch Drill Driver Kit 201

Dec 20, 2011 08:30:56

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Christmas Sales DEWALT DCD710S2 12-Volt Max 3/8-Inch Drill Driver Kit Feature

  • Maximum initial voltage on batteries (measured without a workload) is 12 volts, under a workload nominal voltage is 10.8
  • Compact, lightweight design fits into tight areas
  • Two-speed transmission for optimal speed and torque control
  • LED light provides visibility in dark areas
  • Belt hook included for portability


Christmas Sales DEWALT DCD710S2 12-Volt Max 3/8-Inch Drill Driver Kit Overview

This kit's compact, lightweight design fits into tight areas. The two-speed transmission provides optimal speed and torque control, and LED light provides visibility in dark areas, and a belt hook is included for portability. The product specifications include a voltage of 10.8 volts nominal and 12 volts of max power, two speed settings, a 1,500 max RPM, 15 clutch settings, a 3/8-inch chuck size, a one sleeve chuck type, a weight of 2.4 pounds, and a length of 7-1/2 inches. This DEWALT high-performance industrial tool comes with a warranty package that includes a 3 year limited warranty, a 1 year free service contract, and a 90 day money back guarantee.

Christmas Sales DEWALT DCD710S2 12-Volt Max 3/8-Inch Drill Driver Kit Specifications

The DEWALT 12-Volt Max 3/8-Inch Drill Driver offers convenient design features like shadow-free LED lighting and a belt clip. The 3/8-inch chuck accepts bits up to 1 inch. At 7-1/2 inches long and 2.4 pounds, the driver is easy to maneuver in smaller spaces. The driver comes with two lithium-ion battery packs, each offering 1.1 Ah, and includes multiple torque settings, variable speeds, and a reverse option.

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12-Volt Max 3/8-Inch
Drill Driver Kit
At a Glance:
  • Compact 7-1/2-inch body fits into tight places
  • Radially mounted LED eliminates work area shadows
  • 15-position clutch with two-speed gearbox for precise control
  • Two quick-charging lithium-ion battery packs and belt clip for ease of use
  • Three-year limited warranty; one-year free service contract
callout box bottom
DEWALT 12-Volt Max 3/8-Inch Drill Driver Kit
Even weight distribution means the drill driver is easy to lift and handle.
View larger.
Compact Design and Built-In LEDs
At 7-1/2 inches long, the DEWALT 3/8-Inch Drill Driver is designed to fit into small spaces where traditional drill/drivers don't. As a result, you get straight penetration and avoid damaging bits from angled driving attempts. The length of the DEWALT means you can apply maximum leverage, enabling you to get the most from this drill driver's 189-unit-watt output.

Additionally, the DEWALT's single LED--mounted radially around the barrel--will light your target area for better visibility.

Lightweight Body with User-Friendly Features
With its 2.4 pounds distributed evenly between its ergonomic body and compact battery pack, the DEWALT is easy to lift and handle. The 15-position clutch works in conjunction with a two-speed gearbox so you get precisely the amount of torque and delivery best suited to your application. The DEWALT features a built-in belt clip for additional ease of use.

Quick-Charging, Long-Lasting Battery Packs
This drill driver kit comes with two 12-volt max lithium-ion battery packs, each with 1.1 Ah. The recharge time of these battery packs is between 30 minutes and 1 hour.

Warranty Information
This DEWALT tool comes with a three-year limited warranty, a one-year free service contract, and a 90-day money-back guarantee.

What's in the Box
Driver, two lithium-ion battery packs, bag, charger, and belt clip.


DEWALT 12-Volt Max 3/8-Inch Drill Driver Kit
The 15-position clutch with two-speed gearbox gives you precise control.



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Limited Offer Today!! DEWALT DCD710S2 12-Volt Max 3/8-Inch Drill Driver Kit Christmas and Cyber Monday 2011 Deals

Short Throw Projectors

Simple Generator

You can make a simple generator from household things. This generator is so simple that you do not need commutator. The electrical energy from the generator is directly attached to the lamp. Lights will keep turned on in a stable and appropriate voltage.

12 Volt Drill

The things that you need to be prepared are:

12 Volt Drill

- a nail 8cm
- 100 grams of 0.1mm wire (maximum size)
- A bulb/LED lights 1,5 Volt /25mA
- Used box ( Plexiglas or cardboard), measured 30cm x 8cm
- 4 magnets (5cm x 2cm x 1cm)
- A roll of tape to cover the wire
- Sandpaper
- A small electric drill to rotate its rotor (optional)

Warning:

Keep out your magnet of all electronic equipment (PC, Hand-phone, Television, credit cards, etc) to prevent them from any impact of the magnet.

The first step that you need to do is start to make a box out of a Plexiglas or cardboard. You should be measured them by 8cm x 8cm, 8cm x 3.5cm, 8cm x 8cm, 8cm x 3cm, 8cm x 7.5cm. The wire should be placed as close as possible to the magnet to get maximum results. You should also measure the magnet properly. Pierce the nail on the center line of the box till translucent canopy. Make the hole as fit as possible. Do not make an over-sized hole; just make sure that the nail has enough space to rotate. Do not for get to remove the back nail.

Take 10cm wire email tape the wire in the middle of the box then start rolling. Roll the wire from the middle and take it down or up then rose again to above/below, and so on. For the remaining 10cm wire you can also put it in the middle position. It does not matter if the nail hole is closed. Wrap the roll with the tape while holding the end of the wire but do not wrap the nail hole. Clear the yellow coating (2 cm or more) using sandpaper. Stretch the wire carefully to put the nail in the hole.

Make 2 pairs of magnets, stick them on each pair. Stick them on a nail in the box, extend it laterally (cross-shaped). Adjust the position of the magnets to be exactly same and balance. Try to rotate the nail to make it sure that the nail spins freely. You can tape the magnet so it will not fall from the nail.

Make sure that the tip of the wire has been cleaned out from its coat so that the electric current can turn on the lamps better. The last step is you need to connect the wire from the generator to the lamp. Make sure you have separates the wire to avoid short circuit.

Simple Generator
12 Volt Drill

Classy Halloween Decor

Electrical Earth - Why Do We Need It?

This article will deal with the electrical earth arrangements in a domestic dwelling in the UK. Contrary to a lot of peoples notions the earth is very necessary.

12 Volt Drill

Why do we have an earth in our houses? To answer that requires a little explanation of how electricity reaches our homes and how fuses work.

12 Volt Drill

Electricity is generated at power stations or similar installations,
wind farms, hydro-electric turbines etc. These plants generate the electricity which is the transformed up to around four hundred thousand volts and distributed around the country via the national grid.

It is easy and cost effective to transport electricity at these incredibly high voltages but obviously it once again has to be transformed back down to 230 volts for use in the house.

At the transformer the centre of the winding is connected via rods or mats, to the earth. This earthing of the winding provides a reference point, nominally zero volts. Electricity is then supplied at 230 volts to this reference.

To be useful electricity requires a circuit. The electricity must flow from a source, through the device whatever it may be, kettle, iron cooker etc. and return to that source.

To protect the cable in which it flows the amount of electricity must not exceed the capability of the cable. This would be an overload in the long term, in the short term a fault in the cable or any device attached to it will cause a large amount of electricity to flow and it is this that blows the fuse.

The amount of electricity needed to blow a fuse is determined by the rating of the fuse itself, i.e. a current of around 1.6 times the fuse rating is required to operate a re-wirable fuse so a 20A fuse will need approximately 32 amps.

To facilitate the quick and efficient operation of the fuse the electrical earth provides a quick route back to the source, that is the transformer. The better the return path, the more electricity flows and the quicker the fuse operates.

The circuit that the live conductor and the earthing conductor form is called the earth loop. The earth loop is measured with a special tester and must conform to certain constraints for the variety of fuses available.

The requirements for each type of fuse, properly called a protective device, are laid down in the wiring regulations. The electrical earth therefore, is extremely important for the safety of any user of electrical system. The absence of the earthing conductor means that any fault on the system will not operate the fuse until you or one of your family becomes that missing part.

Electrical Earth - Why Do We Need It?
12 Volt Drill

Home Sound System Reciprocating Saw

DEWALT DCF610S2 12-Volt Max 1/4-Inch Screwdriver Kit

Christmas Sales DEWALT DCF610S2 12-Volt Max 1/4-Inch Screwdriver Kit 201

Dec 16, 2011 02:52:36

Christmas DEWALT DCF610S2 12-Volt Max 1/4-Inch Screwdriver Kit Deals
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DEWALT DCF610S2 12-Volt Max 1/4-Inch Screwdriver Kit

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Christmas Sales DEWALT DCF610S2 12-Volt Max 1/4-Inch Screwdriver Kit Feature

  • The maximum initial voltage on 12-volt max batteries (measured without a workload) is 12-volts. Measured under a workload, nominal voltage is 10.8.
  • Compact, lightweight design fits into tight areas
  • 3 LED Lights provide visibility without shadows
  • One-handed loading 1/4-inch hex chuck accepts 1-inch bit tips
  • Belt hook included for portability


Christmas Sales DEWALT DCF610S2 12-Volt Max 1/4-Inch Screwdriver Kit Overview

The DEWALT 12-Volt Max 1/4-Inch Screwdriver Kit offers a lightweight body and convenient design features, like shadow-free LED lighting, one-handed loading, and a belt clip. The 1/4-inch chuck accepts bits up to 1 inch. At 6-1/4 inches long and 2.2 pounds, the driver is easy to maneuver in small spaces. The driver comes with two lithium-ion battery packs, each offering 1.1 Ah, and includes multiple torque settings, variable speeds, and a reverse option.

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12-Volt Max 1/4-Inch Screwdriver Kit
At a Glance:
  • Compact 6-1/4-inch body fits into tight places
  • Three radially-mounted LEDs eliminate work area shadows
  • 1/4-inch chuck can be loaded with one hand
  • Two lithium-ion battery packs and belt clip for ease of use
  • Three-year limited warranty; one-year free service contract
callout box bottom
DEWALT 12-Volt Max 1/4-Inch Screwdriver Kit
The screwdriver's compact 6-1/4-inch body fits into tight places. View larger.
Compact Design and Built-In LEDs
At 6-1/4 inches long, this screwdriver is designed to fit into small spaces where traditional drill/drivers don't. As a result, you get straight penetration and avoid damaging screw heads from angled driving attempts. The length of the DEWALT means you can apply maximum leverage, enabling you to get the most from this screwdriver's 160-unit-watt output.

Additionally, the DEWALT's three LEDs--mounted radially around the barrel--will light your target area for better visibility.

Lightweight Body with User-Friendly Features
With its 2.2 pounds distributed evenly between its ergonomic body and compact battery pack, the screwdriver is easy to lift and handle. The 1/4-inch chuck can be loaded with one hand, and takes bits up to 1 inch. The DEWALT features a built-in belt clip, multiple torque settings, variable speed, and reverse for additional ease of use.

Quick-Charging, Long-Lasting Battery Packs
This screwdriver kit comes with two 12-volt max lithium-ion battery packs, each with 1.1 Ah. The recharge time of these battery packs is between 30 minutes and 1 hour.

Warranty Information
This DEWALT tool comes with a three-year limited warranty, a one-year free service contract, and a 90-day money-back guarantee.

What's in the Box
Screwdriver, two lithium-ion battery packs, bag, charger, and belt clip.


DEWALT 12-Volt Max 1/4-Inch Screwdriver Kit
Even weight distribution means the screwdriver is easy to lift and maneuver.





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WORX WG103 - A Great Cordless Yard Tool

The WORX WG103 cordless yard tool is a great tool for anybody that's looking for a easy to handle and durable tool. It is designed so any one could use it.

12 Volt Drill

The first thing that caught my eye about the WORX WG103 was that it is 2 cordless tools in 1. It is a trimmer that can easily convert to a edger. This will cut your work time in half because you will be able to trim and edge in the same spot instead of having to stop and go and get the other tool to finish in a area.

12 Volt Drill

The second function of the this tool that caught my eye was the way the head turned to get into hard to reach spots. Most cordless yard tools can't get to places like under decks or some other places that make it hard to reach.

This tool also is powered by a 18v lithium battery. You will have plenty of power and the battery lasts for a long time saving you time, since you won't have to carry a extension cord or stop to fill with gas as you would with other cordless tools.

The WORX WG103 also has easy to change cutting string spools. You can change them out in seconds. Unlike other cordless yard tools where it always seems easy to change until you actually try to change them out.

In my opinion the WORX WG103 is a fantastic cordless yard tool that everybody should have in their tool collection.

WORX WG103 - A Great Cordless Yard Tool
12 Volt Drill

Christmas Sales DEWALT DCK210S2 12-Volt Max Screwdriver/Impact Driver Combo Kit 201

Dec 15, 2011 03:21:41

Christmas DEWALT DCK210S2 12-Volt Max Screwdriver/Impact Driver Combo Kit Deals
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DEWALT DCK210S2 12-Volt Max Screwdriver/Impact Driver Combo Kit

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Christmas Sales DEWALT DCK210S2 12-Volt Max Screwdriver/Impact Driver Combo Kit Feature

  • Maximum initial voltage on batteries (measured without a workload) is 12-volts, under a workload nominal voltage is 10.8
  • 1/4-inch one hand loading hex chuck, compact 6-1/4-inch bodies for greater maneuverability
  • 3 LED lights to provide visibility without shadows
  • Powerful 12-volt, 1.1 Ah lithium-ion battery packs
  • Impact driver has 79 inch-pounds of torque; screwdriver has 160-unit-watt output


Christmas Sales DEWALT DCK210S2 12-Volt Max Screwdriver/Impact Driver Combo Kit Overview

Model No. DCF610 12V Max screwdriver features one 4-inch 1-hand loading hex chuck, 3 LED lights to provide visibility without shadows, two 12V Max lithium ion battery packs, fast charger, and 2 bit tips.

Christmas Sales DEWALT DCK210S2 12-Volt Max Screwdriver/Impact Driver Combo Kit Specifications

The DEWALT 12-Volt Max Screwdriver/Impact Driver Combo Kit offers two compact, efficient drivers in one kit. Both drivers are 6-1/4 inches long and weigh 2.2 pounds, making them easy to maneuver in small spaces. Each driver has convenient features like shadow-free LED lighting, one-handed loading, and a belt clip. The 1/4-inch chucks can be loaded with one hand, and take bits up to 1 inch. Part of DEWALT's compact line of 12-volt rechargeable tools, these drivers use 12-volt max lithium-ion battery packs that offer 1.1 Ah.

callout box top
12-Volt Max Screwdriver/Impact Driver Combo Kit
At a Glance:
  • Compact 6-1/4-inch bodies for greater maneuverability
  • Powerful 12-volt, 1.1 Ah lithium-ion battery packs
  • Multiple barrel-mounted LEDs eliminate shadows
  • Impact driver has 79 inch-pounds of torque; screwdriver has 160-unit-watt output
  • Three-year limited warranty; one-year free service contract
callout box bottom
DEWALT 12-Volt Max Screwdriver/Impact Driver Combo Kit
The compact size offers maximum leverage in tight quarters. View larger.

DEWALT 12-Volt Max Screwdriver/Impact Driver Combo Kit
A lightweight motor and ergonomic body make for easy all day use. View larger.
Compact Design with Built-In LEDs
Because of their compact design, these drivers will fit into small spaces where traditional drill/drivers don't. As a result, you get straight penetration and avoid damaging screw heads from angled driving attempts. Additionally, three LEDs--mounted radially around the barrel--will light your target area for better visibility.

The size of the drivers also means you can get maximum leverage in smaller spaces, enabling you to make the most of the screwdriver's 160-unit-watt output or the impact driver's 79 inch-pounds of torque.

Lightweight Body with User-Friendly Features
With 2.2 pounds distributed evenly between the ergonomic body and compact battery pack, these drivers are easy to lift and handle. The 1/4-inch chucks can be loaded with one hand, and take bits up to 1 inch. Each driver features a built-in belt clip, multiple torque settings, variable speed, and reverse for additional ease of use.

Quick-Charging, Long-Lasting Battery Packs
This kit comes with two 12-volt max lithium-ion battery packs, each with 1.1 Ah. The recharge time of these battery packs is between 30 minutes and 1 hour.

Warranty Information
This DEWALT tool comes with a three-year limited warranty, a one-year free service contract, and a 90-day money-back guarantee.

What's in the Box
Screwdriver, impact driver, two lithium-ion battery packs, charger, two bit tips, two belt clips, and bag.


DEWALT 12-Volt Max Screwdriver/Impact Driver Combo Kit
The kit features two drivers, two battery packs, a charger, and a contractor's bag.



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CNC Router Spindle

When it comes to CNC router machines, there are several different CNC router spindle options that are available. One brand may have more or different options than another brand, so make sure that you shop around so that you are able to get the right machine for you. Having the correct spindle is absolutely a necessity.

12 Volt Drill

It is very important that you have the right spindle for high performance. The CNC router spindles come in a variety of different horsepower and rpm performance. For example: three horsepower manual tool change spindles for 220 volt with an RPM range of 24,000 is just one of the many options that are available.
The weight of the CNC router spindles is also another very important feature. You want to make sure that your machine can support the weight as some of these spindles can weigh upwards of 18 -20 pounds. You don't want the weight to slow down the performance of the machine.

12 Volt Drill

Having the right electric service to support the spindle is also very important. Most spindles come in 220 volt options, even though they can have different RPM speeds. Depending upon what brand of CNC router spindle that you purchase, you can plan on spending several thousand dollars; however, depending upon what brand you can also find cheaper CNC router spindles that have a lower horsepower, such as 1, than can cost a considerably less amount of money.

Look for features that include: high frequency output, quiet operation, on/off via the CNC system, the ideal spindle that allows you to cut a variety of different materials, heavy duty mounting brackets, and even maintenance free options. These are just some of the many features that are available that can help to make your life a little bit easier.

There are also options of having multiple spindles. Of course, this type of technology will depend upon the brand, as all brands do not offer multi-spindle options for the CNC router machines. These would come in handy for drill bits as well as many other things.

One thing that you must absolutely not forget to purchase whenever you purchase a new spindle for your routing machine is the proper router mount. Different mounts are designed to work with different spindles. You want a mount that can support the weight of the spindle that you buy while still allowing the machine to operate at full capacity, speed and performance level; you do not want it to break causing your machine to get torn up where repairs are needed. Mounts can usually be fairly inexpensive. Depending upon the quality of the mount and what the options are, you can purchase mounts for your new router spindle for as little as dollars.

If you have any questions about the CNC router spindles and which one would be best for you and your machine, talk to any dealer or supplier. They will be able to answer any further questions that you may have and will be able to point you in the right direction so that you get what you need with your purchase.

CNC Router Spindle
12 Volt Drill

Christmas Sales DEWALT DCL510 12-Volt Max LED Worklight 201

Dec 14, 2011 03:59:13

Christmas DEWALT DCL510 12-Volt Max LED Worklight Deals
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DEWALT DCL510 12-Volt Max LED Worklight

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Christmas Sales DEWALT DCL510 12-Volt Max LED Worklight Feature

  • The maximum initial voltage on 12-volt max batteries (measured without a workload) is 12-volts. Measured under a workload, nominal voltage is 10.8.
  • Bright LED output - 130 Lumens
  • Powerful magnet - hands free use in multiple placements
  • Kick stand - hands free use in multiple placements
  • Head rotates 360 degree and pivots


Christmas Sales DEWALT DCL510 12-Volt Max LED Worklight Overview

Bright LED output - 130 Lumens. Powerful magnet - hands free use in multiple placements. Built-in Kick stand - hands free use in multiple placements. Flashlight Head rotates 360° and pivots. Bare Tool Only - NO Battery Included.



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Windshield Repair Kits

Windshield repair kits are sets of tools that help repair a chip or a crack on a windshield quickly and easily, saving the expense of replacing the entire windshield. These kits allow you to repair chips and cracks up to several inches long, restoring the strength and improving the clarity of a windshield. Windshield repair kits include an easy to use instruction manual that tells how to fix the damage in very little time. The kits available are compact and lightweight that make them easy to carry to any location. The kits are reusable and allow for multiple repairs. Windshield repair kits are designed to fix bull's eyes, star breaks, cracks and combination breaks on a windshield with ease.

12 Volt Drill

The basic windshield repairs kits available generally include a windshield resin that helps bond the glass, so that it becomes stronger and prevents further damage. Curing lamps are used to provide UV lights to ensure that the resin is properly cured. A bracket that has a built-in suction cup pump that adheres securely to the windshield is also provided. A drill bit that can create a tiny opening into the damaged area for the repair resin to flow into is usually included. Other items in the kit include a battery powered drill, mirror, pit, polishing wheel and compound, drill bits, 12-volt extension cord, misc. seals and glass pick.

12 Volt Drill

Different types of windshield repair kits are available to suit the budget and requirements of different individuals. The cost of a windshield repair kit could range from for a basic kit to more than 00 for a professional kit. The number of windshields that can be repaired using one kit should be a criterion for selection of a suitable kit. One needs to evaluate the available windshield repairs kits in the market and find the most suitable one.

Windshield Repair Kits
12 Volt Drill

Christmas Sales Milwaukee 2410-22 M12 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Drill/Driver 201

Dec 13, 2011 02:28:29

Christmas Milwaukee 2410-22 M12 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Drill/Driver Deals
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Milwaukee 2410-22 M12 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Drill/Driver

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Christmas Sales Milwaukee 2410-22 M12 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Drill/Driver Feature

  • 2-speed (0-1,500/0-400) all metal gear box, up to 35% faster drilling and fastening
  • Delivers 250 in/lbs of torque
  • 3/8-inch single sleeve ratcheting metal chuck, increased bit retention and durability
  • Portable tool belt portable only 2-1/2 pounds and 7-3/8 inches
  • Integrated LED and fuel gauge increases productivity and decreases frustration


Christmas Sales Milwaukee 2410-22 M12 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Drill/Driver Overview

The Milwaukee M12 Drill/Driver has the power to drive the majority of common small fasteners, and the run time of full day screw driving without recharging. The compact size allows the users to work in tight places for increased convenience.

Christmas Sales Milwaukee 2410-22 M12 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Drill/Driver Specifications

Ideal for HVAC contractors, metal fabricators, woodworkers, and more, the Milwaukee 2410-22 M12 12-Volt 3/8-Inch Drill/Driver provides two speeds for fast drilling and fastening, a compact, portable design, and an integrated LED and fuel gauge for increased productivity and decreased frustration. It's ideal for a range of applications in both sheet metal and wood.

2410-22 M12 Cordless 3/8" Drill Driver
Voltage12V
Speed2 Speed
No Load Speed0-400/0-1,500 RPM
Torque250 in-lbs
Chuck Type3/8"
BatteriesM12 LITHIUM-ION Batteries
Charge Time30 minutes
Length7-3/8"
Tool Weight2.5 lbs

2-Speed (0-1,500/0-400) All Metal Gear Box provides up to 35% faster drilling/fastening and Milwaukee durability.
250 In./Lbs. of Torque for Fast Driving and Full-Day Runtime
The 2410-22 offers a two-speed (0-1,500 and 0-400) durable metal gear box to provide up to 35 percent faster drilling and fastening than the competition. Its powerful motor delivers 250 in./lbs. of torque--25 percent more than comparable models--for fast, efficient results when driving most small fasteners, as well as the runtime of full-day driving without recharging.


Integrated LED and Fuel Gauge increase productivity and decreased frustration.
To withstand heavy-duty jobsite conditions and tasks, the 2410-22 is the only tool in its class with a 100-percent metal 3/8-inch single sleeve ratcheting and locking chuck for maximum durability and bit grip.

Also, the 2410-22 is easy to handle and hold, thanks to its lightweight and compact size. Measuring just 7-3/8 inches and weighing only 2.5 pounds, the 2410-22 is the perfect size for your tool belt and comfortable, all-day use.

For added convenience, and to ensure user-friendly operation, the 2410-22 features a clear, bright LED and an on-board fuel gauge so you'll always have power when you need it.





Reliable, long-lasting LITHIUM-ION power is just one part of a full feature set.
M12 Lithium-Ion Power: Compact, Lightweight, and Dependable
Cordless power frees you from the cost and waste of disposable batteries and the hassle of setting up and using manual tools, but a cordless tool is only as reliable as its battery--that's where M12 LITHIUM-ION batteries come in. You can trust the 1.4-amp-hour lithium-ion battery that powers each Milwaukee M12 tool to deliver long runtimes and fade-free power. Lithium-ion batteries will also offer long battery life, so you'll save money by avoiding replacements.

Since lithium-ion batteries are significantly smaller and lighter than competitive NiCad batteries, they play an integral role in making Milwaukee's compact M12 tools ergonomic, comfortable to use, and easy to maneuver while you work.

Plus the M12 LITHIUM-ION battery charger delivers fast, 30-minute recharges, so you can be sure that your tools will be ready to use when you reach for them.

M12 Series Tools: Innovative, Portable, and Easy to Handle
Launched in 2008, the M12 series from Milwaukee offers compact, lightweight tools that are easy to transport and easy to maneuver on the job. Innovative designs that target application- and trade-specific performance allow M12 tools to live up to Milwaukee's reputation for durability and heavy-duty construction while remaining smaller, easier to handle, and more versatile than many competitors' tools.




About the Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation
In 1924 Milwaukee Electric Tool introduced the Hole-Shooter, the first lightweight, portable, one-handed 1/4-inch capacity drill, and the company has been dedicated to producing innovative, heavy-duty electric power tools that meet the needs of professional users ever since.

Milwaukee's product line has grown to include more than 500 tools and over 3,500 accessories. Milwaukee uses state-of-the-art technologies and sophisticated manufacturing techniques to ensure that quality is built into each of its tools, resulting in durable and reliable professional products.

Warranty
This product is backed by a one-year warranty that protects against defects in materials or workmanship. M12 LITHIUM-ION batteries are backed by a two-year battery warranty.

What's in the Box
Drill/driver, (2) 12-volt battery packs, charger, and case.




The Milwaukee M12 line offers innovative solutions in power, productivity, and portability.



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